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Urartian language †

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Vannic, Chaldean

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PDFVolume 16. Ancient Relict Languages of the Near East
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Genealogy

Hurro-Urartian

Geography

Main country: Turkey (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal and velar/uvular [A‑17‑1] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2] PDF
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1] PDF
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1]
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Fixed [B‑5‑2]
[B‑9] Limited stress carriers Penult [B‑9‑5]
[B‑15] Length character Non-phonological [B‑15‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic [E‑4‑5]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Eight-twelve [H‑1‑3]
[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement, case affixes and function words [H‑2‑8]
[H‑4] Case marking of possessive relations Genitive [H‑4‑1]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Possessive affixes and possessive pronouns [H‑5‑9]

Verbal categories

[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Aspect and tense [I‑8‑2]

Deictic categories

[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Noun affixes [J‑5‑2]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Prohibitive and negative particles [J‑8‑8]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and subject-object [K‑8‑4]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Number and case [K‑12‑8]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Absent [K‑13‑1]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In case [K‑15‑3]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑18] Inflection means Affixes [K‑18‑2]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation and reduplication [L‑1‑9]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Ergative [M‑1‑5]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Not fixed [M‑4‑3]

Complex sentence

[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Asyndeton dominant [N‑5‑2]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language