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Turki language †

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Chagatai

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Volume 2. Turkic languages
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Genealogy

Altaic → Turkic → Karluk

Geography

Main country: Tajikistan (show on the map)

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑13]	Diphthongs and triphthongs	Only diphthongs present [A‑13‑2]
[A‑16]	Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation	Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]

Prosodic phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1]

Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word

Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1]	Number of agreement classes	No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7]	Nouns classifying categories	Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑4]	Agreement in number	Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑1]	Number of noun cases	Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑4]	Case marking of possessive relations	Genitive [H‑4‑1]
[H‑5]	Other means of expressing possessive relations	Possessive pronouns [H‑5‑4]

Verbal categories

[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑7]	Expression of tense categories	Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]

Deictic categories

No filled features for this language.

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2]	Articles	No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑18]	Inflection means	Affixes [K‑18‑2]
[K‑19]	Word form model	Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1]	Word formation means	Derivation, reduplication and compounding [L‑1‑19]
[L‑2]	Derivation affixes	Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑3]

Dominant word order

SOV [M‑3‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑1]	Clauses order in compound sentence	Subordinate clause precedes main clause [N‑1‑2]
[N‑3]	Dependent clause predicate	Both finite and non-finite forms possible [N‑3‑3]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-2] Vowel height degrees
[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features
[A-19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation
[A-23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation
[A-24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-1] Basic prosodic unit
[B-2] Prosodic unit carrier
[B-3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice
[B-4] Stress type (quality characteristics)
[B-5] Stress fixedness
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-9] Limited stress carriers
[B-10] Tonema types
[B-11] Number of level tones
[B-12] Level tone types
[B-13] Number of contour tone levels
[B-14] Contour tonema types
[B-15] Length character
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-19] Other suprasegmental phenomena
[B-20] Types of phonation
[C-1] Syllable onset
[C-2] Syllable coda
[C-3] Consonant clusters in syllable
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[D-8] Differences between native and borrowed words
[D-9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-11] Types of differences between roots and affixes
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-2] Fusional type features
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[E-4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion
[F-5] Attributive agreement in gender
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[G-2] Single number marking
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[G-5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases
[G-6] Numeral system
[H-2] Subject and object marking
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-6] Means of expressing spatial relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[H-9] Secondary cases
[I-1] Voice forms expression
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-6] Aspect and tense expression
[I-8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings
[I-9] Marking of person in present tense verbs
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-1] Pronominal words
[J-2] Expression of deictic categories
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness
[J-6] Words expressing (in)definiteness
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[J-8] Expression of negation
[J-9] Negation marker position
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-7] Number of conjugation types
[K-8] Verb agreement types
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-15] Attributive agreement types
[K-16] Inflectional categories of noun
[K-17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-4] Compound sentence types
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton

The encyclopedia explicitly states lack of data

[A-1] Number of degrees of vowel height
[A-4] Degrees of vowel backness
[A-5] Presence of length degrees
[A-6] Number of length degrees
[A-7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization
[A-8] Vowel opposition in labialization
[A-9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-10] Vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[A-17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation
[A-18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation
[A-21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation
[A-22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents

Feature is not applicable to this language

[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-6] Grammar categories of article