РУС Home About How to Use Languages: List Languages: Map Languages: Genealogy Features Queries
Home About How to Use Languages: List Languages: Map Languages: Genealogy Features Queries (РУС)

Tigrinya language

Open the encyclopedia PDF (in Russian)

PDFVolume 18. Semitic Languages. Ethiosemitic Languages
(The file will be loaded and then opened in a new window or tab on the relevant page)

Genealogy

Afroasiatic → Semitic → West Semitic → Central Semitic → South Semitic → Ethiopian Semitic

Geography

Main country: Ethiopia (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3]
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2]
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Emphatic consonants present [A‑15‑11]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, palatal, guttural and laryngeal [A‑17‑2]
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental [A‑19‑1]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1]
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1]
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Non-phonological [B‑3‑2]
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset No null onset [C‑1‑1]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑11] Types of differences between roots and affixes Differences in phonetic structure [D‑11‑1]

Morphological type of language

No filled features for this language.

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes Adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and verbs [F‑3‑11]
[F‑5] Attributive agreement in gender Only in singular [F‑5‑2]
[F‑6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender For "one" [F‑6‑3]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Animacy/inanimacy [F‑7‑3]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular and plural [G‑5‑3]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases One-two [H‑1‑1]
[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement and function words [H‑2‑6]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Apposition and prepositions [H‑5‑11]

Verbal categories

[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Person and number [I‑8‑4]
[I‑9] Marking of person in present tense verbs In singular and plural [I‑9‑3]

Deictic categories

[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Articles [J‑6‑1]
[J‑7] Grammatical ways to express politeness Pronouns distinguishing polite forms [J‑7‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles and negative affixes [J‑8‑9]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Framing, preposition and postposition [J‑9‑11]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronouns are not inflected [K‑1‑1]
[K‑2] Articles Only definite [K‑2‑3]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Gender and number [K‑12‑7]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In gender [K‑15‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun (In)definiteness and number [K‑16‑8]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑2] Word order fixedness Non-fixed [M‑2‑2]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Syndesis dominant [N‑5‑1]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language