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Svan language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Kartvelian → North Kartvelian

Geography

Main country: Georgia (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs Only diphthongs present [A‑13‑2] PDF
[A‑14] Types of diphthongs Rising (ascending) and falling (descending) [A‑14‑3] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, palatal, guttural and laryngeal [A‑17‑2] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1] PDF
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental and alveolar [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1] PDF
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑23‑2]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial and coronal [A‑24‑7]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress [B‑1‑1] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1] PDF
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Phonological [B‑3‑1] PDF
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Pitch-accent and dynamic [B‑4‑4] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Flexible [B‑5‑1] PDF
[B‑7] Stress pattern in inflection Flexible [B‑7‑1] PDF

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Most syllables have a non-null onset [C‑1‑2] PDF
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a non-null coda [C‑2‑2] PDF
[C‑3] Consonant clusters in syllable Consonant clusters are possible at both the onset and the coda of syllable [C‑3‑4] PDF

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position Present [D‑1‑2] PDF
[D‑2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position Limitations on consonant sequences (combinations) [D‑2‑5] PDF
[D‑3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position Absent [D‑3‑1] PDF
[D‑6] Differences between content and function words Absent [D‑6‑1] PDF
[D‑8] Differences between native and borrowed words Present [D‑8‑2] PDF
[D‑9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words Differences in syllable structure [D‑9‑3] PDF
[D‑10] Differences between roots and affixes Absent [D‑10‑1] PDF

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic [E‑4‑5]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2] PDF
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1] PDF
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4] PDF
[G‑6] Numeral system Vigesimal [G‑6‑6] PDF

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑4] Case marking of possessive relations Genitive [H‑4‑1] PDF
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1] PDF
[H‑9] Secondary cases Present [H‑9‑1] PDF

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Morphonological alternation and affixes [I‑1‑16]
[I‑2] Voice stacking in the same verb form Absent [I‑2‑2]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Absent [I‑4‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]

Deictic categories

No filled features for this language.

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1] PDF
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Three types of conjugation [K‑7‑3]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject and subject-object [K‑8‑4]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In case [K‑15‑3]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language