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Phoenician language †

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PDFVolume 15. Semitic Languages. Akkadian. Northwest Semitic
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Genealogy

Afroasiatic → Semitic → West Semitic → Central Semitic → Northwest Semitic → Canaanite

Geography

Main country: Israel (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2]
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives and fricatives [A‑16‑1] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1] PDF
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental and alveolar [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1]
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional [E‑1‑3]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic [E‑4‑5]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes Adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and verbs [F‑3‑11]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular, dual and plural [G‑1‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement and function words [H‑2‑6]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Prepositions [H‑6‑6]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Affixes [I‑7‑1]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Person, number and gender/ aspect and tense [I‑8‑9]

Deictic categories

[J‑2] Expression of deictic categories Demonstrative pronouns and adverbs [J‑2‑11]
[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Articles [J‑6‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Prohibitive and negative particles [J‑8‑8]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronouns are not inflected [K‑1‑1]
[K‑2] Articles Only definite [K‑2‑3]
[K‑4] Article place Preposition [K‑4‑1]
[K‑5] Position of article in noun phrase Single article preceding the phrase [K‑5‑1]
[K‑6] Grammar categories of article Definiteness [K‑6‑2]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Gender and number [K‑12‑7]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Gender and number [K‑13‑5]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Always present [K‑14‑1]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In gender [K‑15‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun (In)definiteness and number [K‑16‑8]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Number and gender / agreement class [K‑17‑7]
[K‑18] Inflection means Reduplication and affixes [K‑18‑6]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation [L‑1‑6]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Prefixes, infixes, suffixes, postfixes and transfixes [L‑2‑14]

Simple sentence

[M‑3] Dominant word order VSO [M‑3‑3]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Syndesis dominant [N‑5‑1]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

The encyclopedia explicitly states lack of data

Feature is not applicable to this language