Oghuz of X-XI centuries language †

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Volume 2. Turkic languages
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Genealogy

Altaic → Turkic → Oghuz Turkic

Geography

Main country: Kazakhstan (show on the map)

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1]	Number of degrees of vowel height	Three [A‑1‑2]
[A‑2]	Vowel height degrees	Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4]	Degrees of vowel backness	Front and back [A‑4‑2]
[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Present [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6]	Number of length degrees	Two [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7]	Presence of vowel opposition in labialization	Present [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8]	Vowel opposition in labialization	Present for front and back vowels [A‑8‑5]
[A‑9]	Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization	Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑13]	Diphthongs and triphthongs	No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16]	Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation	Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑17]	Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation	Labial, coronal, palatal, guttural and laryngeal [A‑17‑2]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑19]	Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation	Dental and postalveolar [A‑19‑9]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Uvular [A‑20‑2]
[A‑21]	Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation	Only pharyngeal [A‑21‑1]
[A‑22]	Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents	Absent [A‑22‑1]
[A‑23]	Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation	Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑23‑2]
[A‑24]	Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation	Labial, coronal and guttural [A‑24‑16]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑15]	Length character	Non-phonological [B‑15‑2]
[B‑19]	Other suprasegmental phenomena	Velarization and palatalization [B‑19‑5]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑11]

Types of differences between roots and affixes

Differences in syllable structure [D‑11‑3]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1]	Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word	Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑4]	Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion	Synthetic [E‑4‑5]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1]	Number of agreement classes	No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7]	Nouns classifying categories	Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2]	Single number marking	Unmarked [G‑2‑2]

Case meanings

[H‑1]

Number of noun cases

Three-seven [H‑1‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑1]	Voice forms expression	Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑7]	Expression of tense categories	Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]
[I‑8]	Syncretic expression of several verb meanings	Tense and modality, person and number [I‑8‑22]
[I‑9]	Marking of person in present tense verbs	In singular and plural [I‑9‑3]

Deictic categories

[J‑9]

Negation marker position

Postposition [J‑9‑4]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2]	Articles	No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7]	Number of conjugation types	Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8]	Verb agreement types	Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑19]	Word form model	Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1]	Word formation means	Conversion, reduplication and compounding [L‑1‑18]
[L‑2]	Derivation affixes	Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

No filled features for this language.

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-1] Basic prosodic unit
[B-2] Prosodic unit carrier
[B-3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice
[B-4] Stress type (quality characteristics)
[B-5] Stress fixedness
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-9] Limited stress carriers
[B-10] Tonema types
[B-11] Number of level tones
[B-12] Level tone types
[B-13] Number of contour tone levels
[B-14] Contour tonema types
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-20] Types of phonation
[C-3] Consonant clusters in syllable
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[D-8] Differences between native and borrowed words
[D-9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-2] Fusional type features
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[F-5] Attributive agreement in gender
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[G-4] Agreement in number
[G-5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases
[G-6] Numeral system
[H-2] Subject and object marking
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-4] Case marking of possessive relations
[H-5] Other means of expressing possessive relations
[H-6] Means of expressing spatial relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[H-9] Secondary cases
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-6] Aspect and tense expression
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-1] Pronominal words
[J-2] Expression of deictic categories
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness
[J-6] Words expressing (in)definiteness
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[J-8] Expression of negation
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-15] Attributive agreement types
[K-16] Inflectional categories of noun
[K-17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun
[K-18] Inflection means
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-3] Dominant word order
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-1] Clauses order in compound sentence
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate
[N-4] Compound sentence types
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton

Feature is not applicable to this language

[A-10] Vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-6] Grammar categories of article