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Neo-Aramaic of Maalula language

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Siryon

Open the encyclopedia PDF (in Russian)

PDFVolume 15. Semitic Languages. Akkadian. Northwest Semitic
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Genealogy

Afroasiatic → Semitic → West Semitic → Central Semitic → Northwest Semitic → Aramaic → Neo-Aramaic

Geography

Main country: Syrian Arab Republic (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2] PDF
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental, interdental and alveolar [A‑19‑11]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1] PDF
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Non-phonological [B‑3‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑11] Types of differences between roots and affixes Differences in phonetic structure [D‑11‑1]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional [E‑1‑3]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑2] Morphological expression of agreement classes Umlaut [F‑2‑2]
[F‑3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes Adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and verbs [F‑3‑11]
[F‑6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender Always present [F‑6‑2]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement and function words [H‑2‑6]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Apposition, possessive affixes and prepositions [H‑5‑15]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Prepositions [H‑6‑6]

Verbal categories

[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Aspect and tense [I‑8‑2]

Deictic categories

[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Prepositions [J‑3‑3]
[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Different case affixes for definite and indefinite objects [J‑5‑9]
[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Adjectives and numerals [J‑6‑17]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles [J‑8‑3]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Gender and number [K‑12‑7]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In gender [K‑15‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number [K‑16‑4]
[K‑18] Inflection means Internal flection and affixes [K‑18‑5]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑2] Word order fixedness Non-fixed [M‑2‑2]
[M‑3] Dominant word order VOS [M‑3‑4]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Syndesis dominant [N‑5‑1]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language