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Mano language

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PDFVolume 21. Mande languages
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Genealogy

Mande → Southeastern → South Mande

Geography

Main country: Liberia (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Four [A‑1‑3]
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, close-mid, open-mid and open [A‑2‑5]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3]
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2]
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2]
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Present [A‑9‑1]
[A‑10] Vowel opposition in nasalization Present for front, central and back vowels [A‑10‑7]
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives and fricatives [A‑16‑1]
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, palatal and velar/uvular [A‑17‑3]
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental-alveolar [A‑19‑23]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization [A‑22‑2]
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid and glide [A‑23‑3]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑24‑17]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑11] Number of level tones Three [B‑11‑2]
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Rising [B‑14‑1]
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Falling [B‑14‑4]
[B‑15] Length character Non-phonological [B‑15‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a null coda [C‑2‑3]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position No consonant clusters [D‑2‑7]
[D‑4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position Limited set of consonants possible [D‑4‑4]
[D‑4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position No consonant clusters [D‑4‑7]
[D‑9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words Differences in syllable structure [D‑9‑3]
[D‑11] Types of differences between roots and affixes Differences in syllable structure [D‑11‑3]
[D‑13] Type of altenations Vowel and consonant alternations [D‑13‑6]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Analytic with elements of synthetism [E‑4‑3]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑8] Opposition by person/non-person Lexical [F‑8‑1]
[F‑9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy Lexical [F‑9‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Attributive [G‑4‑3]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular [G‑5‑1]
[G‑6] Numeral system Decimal with elements of quinary [G‑6‑8]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases One-two [H‑1‑1]
[H‑2] Subject and object marking Verbal agreement [H‑2‑1]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Apposition and possessive pronouns [H‑5‑23]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Adpositions [H‑6‑12]
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1]
[H‑9] Secondary cases Absent [H‑9‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Category of voice is absent [I‑1‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms General [I‑5‑6]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Function words [I‑7‑2]
[I‑10] Transitivity marker Absent [I‑10‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Absent [J‑5‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles [J‑8‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑11] Adverb grammar categories Absent [K‑11‑1]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Number [K‑12‑6]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Optional [K‑14‑4]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑18] Inflection means Reduplication and affixes [K‑18‑6]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Conversion, reduplication and compounding [L‑1‑18]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑2] Word order fixedness Fixed [M‑2‑1]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences Special form of predicate [N‑2‑4]
[N‑3] Dependent clause predicate Both finite and non-finite forms possible [N‑3‑3]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination, compounding and clause chaining [N‑4‑5]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

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