Kurdshuli language_dialect

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Volume 5. Iranian languages. I. South-Western Iranian languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Southwestern Iranian

Geography

Main country: Iran (show on the map)

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Absent [A‑5‑2]
[A‑7]	Presence of vowel opposition in labialization	Present [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8]	Vowel opposition in labialization	Present for front and back vowels [A‑8‑5]
[A‑9]	Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization	Absent [A‑9‑2]
[A‑11]	Vowel opposition in pharyngealization	No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12]	Vowel opposition in ATR	No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑17]	Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation	Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑21]	Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation	Only pharyngeal [A‑21‑1]
[A‑24]	Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation	Labial and coronal [A‑24‑7]

Prosodic phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑4]

Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion

Synthetic [E‑4‑5]

Nominal classifications

No filled features for this language.

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑4]	Agreement in number	Predicative [G‑4‑2]

Case meanings

Verbal categories

[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Non-future [I‑5‑4]
[I‑6]	Aspect and tense expression	Syncretic [I‑6‑2]

Deictic categories

[J‑2]	Expression of deictic categories	Postpositions [J‑2‑5]
[J‑4]	Content words expressing spatial orientation of action	Adverbs [J‑4‑3]
[J‑6]	Words expressing (in)definiteness	Postpositions [J‑6‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2]	Articles	No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7]	Number of conjugation types	Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8]	Verb agreement types	Subject [K‑8‑2]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑3]

Dominant word order

SOV [M‑3‑2]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-13] Diphthongs and triphthongs
[A-19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation
[A-22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[B-1] Basic prosodic unit
[B-3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice
[B-4] Stress type (quality characteristics)
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-10] Tonema types
[B-11] Number of level tones
[B-12] Level tone types
[B-13] Number of contour tone levels
[B-14] Contour tonema types
[B-15] Length character
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-19] Other suprasegmental phenomena
[C-1] Syllable onset
[C-2] Syllable coda
[C-3] Consonant clusters in syllable
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[D-8] Differences between native and borrowed words
[D-9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-11] Types of differences between roots and affixes
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[F-1] Number of agreement classes
[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[F-5] Attributive agreement in gender
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-7] Nouns classifying categories
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[G-2] Single number marking
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[G-5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases
[G-6] Numeral system
[H-1] Number of noun cases
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-4] Case marking of possessive relations
[H-5] Other means of expressing possessive relations
[H-6] Means of expressing spatial relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[H-9] Secondary cases
[I-1] Voice forms expression
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-9] Marking of person in present tense verbs
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[J-8] Expression of negation
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-15] Attributive agreement types
[K-17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun
[K-19] Word form model
[L-1] Word formation means
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-1] Clauses order in compound sentence
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate
[N-4] Compound sentence types

Feature is not applicable to this language

[A-6] Number of length degrees
[A-10] Vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[B-2] Prosodic unit carrier
[B-5] Stress fixedness
[B-9] Limited stress carriers
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-20] Types of phonation
[J-9] Negation marker position
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-6] Grammar categories of article
[L-2] Derivation affixes
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton