Keshei dialect

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Volume 6. Iranian languages. II. North-Western Iranian languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Northwestern Iranian

Geography

Main country: Iran (show on the map)

Identifiers

Glottolog: kesh1234

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑13]	Diphthongs and triphthongs	Only diphthongs present [A‑13‑2]
[A‑14]	Types of diphthongs	Falling (descending) [A‑14‑2]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑17]	Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation	Labial, coronal, palatal and velar/uvular [A‑17‑3]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑23]	Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation	Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑23‑2]
[A‑24]	Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation	Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑2]	Prosodic unit carrier	Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3]	Character of prosodic unit by its choice	Non-phonological [B‑3‑2]
[B‑4]	Stress type (quality characteristics)	Dynamic [B‑4‑1]
[B‑5]	Stress fixedness	Fixed [B‑5‑2]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑7]	Types of differences between content and function words	Differences in accentuation [D‑7‑2]
[D‑11]	Types of differences between roots and affixes	Accentual differences [D‑11‑2]

Morphological type of language

No filled features for this language.

Nominal classifications

[F‑1]	Number of agreement classes	No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑9]	Expression of animacy/inanimacy	Lexical [F‑9‑1]

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑4]	Agreement in number	Predicative [G‑4‑2]
[G‑5]	Form of a noun in numeral phrases	Singular and plural [G‑5‑3]
[G‑6]	Numeral system	Decimal [G‑6‑1]

Case meanings

Verbal categories

[I‑1]	Voice forms expression	Category of voice is absent [I‑1‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑6]	Aspect and tense expression	Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑9]	Marking of person in present tense verbs	In singular and plural [I‑9‑3]
[I‑10]	Transitivity marker	Change of conjugation type [I‑10‑6]

Deictic categories

[J‑1]	Pronominal words	Pronouns-nouns and pronouns-adjectives [J‑1‑11]
[J‑3]	Function words expressing spatial orientation of action	Adpositions [J‑3‑9]
[J‑4]	Content words expressing spatial orientation of action	Pronouns and adverbs [J‑4‑6]
[J‑5]	Morphological expression of (in)definiteness	Absent [J‑5‑1]
[J‑8]	Expression of negation	Negative pronouns and negative particles [J‑8‑6]
[J‑9]	Negation marker position	Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1]	Personal pronouns inflection	Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑2]	Articles	Only indefinite [K‑2‑2]
[K‑3]	Indefinite article and numeral 'one'	Same [K‑3‑1]
[K‑4]	Article place	Preposition and postposition [K‑4‑3]
[K‑7]	Number of conjugation types	Two types of conjugation [K‑7‑2]
[K‑10]	Tense expressed by participle	Past [K‑10‑4]
[K‑12]	Agreement categories expressed in adjective	Absent [K‑12‑1]
[K‑14]	Attribute agreement of adjectives	Absent [K‑14‑2]
[K‑15]	Attributive agreement types	No attributive agreement [K‑15‑1]
[K‑18]	Inflection means	Affixes [K‑18‑2]
[K‑19]	Word form model	Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1]	Word formation means	Derivation [L‑1‑6]
[L‑2]	Derivation affixes	Prefixes and suffixes [L‑2‑3]

Simple sentence

No filled features for this language.

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-2] Vowel height degrees
[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-4] Degrees of vowel backness
[A-5] Presence of length degrees
[A-6] Number of length degrees
[A-7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization
[A-8] Vowel opposition in labialization
[A-9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation
[A-21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation
[A-22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-1] Basic prosodic unit
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-10] Tonema types
[B-11] Number of level tones
[B-12] Level tone types
[B-13] Number of contour tone levels
[B-14] Contour tonema types
[B-15] Length character
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-19] Other suprasegmental phenomena
[B-20] Types of phonation
[C-3] Consonant clusters in syllable
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-8] Differences between native and borrowed words
[D-9] Types of differences between native and borrowed words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word
[E-2] Fusional type features
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[E-4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion
[F-5] Attributive agreement in gender
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-7] Nouns classifying categories
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[G-2] Single number marking
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[H-1] Number of noun cases
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-4] Case marking of possessive relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[H-9] Secondary cases
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-8] Verb agreement types
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-3] Dominant word order
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-1] Clauses order in compound sentence
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate
[N-4] Compound sentence types
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton

Feature is not applicable to this language

[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence