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Kara-Kalpak language

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PDFVolume 2. Turkic languages
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Genealogy

Altaic → Turkic → Kipchak → Kipchak-Nogai

Geography

Main country: Uzbekistan (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Two [A‑1‑1] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close and open [A‑2‑1]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front and back [A‑4‑2] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Present [A‑7‑1] PDF
[A‑8] Vowel opposition in labialization Present for front and back vowels [A‑8‑5] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, palatal, guttural and laryngeal [A‑17‑2] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2] PDF
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental and alveolar [A‑19‑6]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only glottal [A‑21‑2] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1] PDF
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid and vibrant [A‑23‑2]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and guttural [A‑24‑16]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Pitch-accent and dynamic [B‑4‑4]
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Fixed [B‑5‑2]
[B‑9] Limited stress carriers Ultima [B‑9‑4]
[B‑17] Feature of vowel harmony Backness and roundedness [B‑17‑7]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑12] Functional type of alternations No alternations [D‑12‑1]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Absent [F‑7‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative [G‑4‑2]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Possessive affixes [H‑5‑3]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑2] Voice stacking in the same verb form Absent [I‑2‑2]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Absent [I‑4‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑5] Tense forms Non-past [I‑5‑5]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Separate [I‑6‑1]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]

Deictic categories

[J‑4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action Pronouns [J‑4‑4]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative affixes and predicatives [J‑8‑19]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑10] Tense expressed by participle Present-future and past [K‑10‑8]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Absent [K‑12‑1]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Absent [K‑14‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types No attributive agreement [K‑15‑1]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Case, possessivity and number [K‑16‑11]
[K‑18] Inflection means Affixes [K‑18‑2]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation and compounding [L‑1‑12]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Accusative [M‑1‑3]
[M‑2] Word order fixedness Fixed [M‑2‑1]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

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