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Japanese language

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PDFVolume 3. Mongolian languages. Tungus languages. The Japanese language. The Korean language
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Genealogy

Altaic → Japonic

Geography

Main country: Japan (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1] PDF
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Alveolar and postalveolar [A‑19‑16]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only glottal [A‑21‑2] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By palatalization [A‑22‑3] PDF
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal and liquid [A‑23‑1]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑24‑17]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants By palatalization [A‑25‑3]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress and tones [B‑1‑4] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Mora [B‑2‑2] PDF
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Phonological [B‑3‑1] PDF
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Pitch-accent [B‑4‑3] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Flexible [B‑5‑1] PDF
[B‑10] Tonema types Level [B‑10‑1] PDF
[B‑11] Number of level tones Three [B‑11‑2] PDF
[B‑12] Level tone types High [B‑12‑2]
[B‑12] Level tone types Middle [B‑12‑3]
[B‑12] Level tone types Low [B‑12‑4]
[B‑15] Length character Phonological [B‑15‑1]

Syllable

No filled features for this language.

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional-agglutinative [E‑1‑5]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Neutral, polite, and impolite [G‑3‑3]

Case meanings

No filled features for this language.

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑2] Voice stacking in the same verb form Present [I‑2‑1]
[I‑3] Double voice forms Causative and passive/reciprocal [I‑3‑9]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Potential and passive [I‑4‑7]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Non-past [I‑5‑5]

Deictic categories

[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles and negative verbs [J‑8‑7]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Accusative [M‑1‑3]
[M‑2] Word order fixedness Non-fixed [M‑2‑2]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]
[M‑5] Pro-drop Possible [M‑5‑1]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language