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Godoberi language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Avar-Andic → Andic

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Present [A‑9‑1] PDF
[A‑10] Vowel opposition in nasalization Present for front and back vowels [A‑10‑5]
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs Only diphthongs present [A‑13‑2] PDF
[A‑14] Types of diphthongs Rising (ascending) and falling (descending) [A‑14‑3] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1] PDF
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3] PDF
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3] PDF
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization and palatalization [A‑22‑5] PDF
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal and dorsal [A‑24‑14]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress and tones [B‑1‑4] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1] PDF
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Non-phonological [B‑3‑2] PDF
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Flexible [B‑5‑1] PDF
[B‑7] Stress pattern in inflection Flexible [B‑7‑1] PDF
[B‑10] Tonema types Register and contour [B‑10‑3] PDF
[B‑11] Number of level tones Two [B‑11‑1] PDF
[B‑12] Level tone types High [B‑12‑2]
[B‑12] Level tone types Low [B‑12‑4]
[B‑13] Number of contour tone levels Two [B‑13‑2] PDF
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Rising [B‑14‑1]
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Falling [B‑14‑4]
[B‑19] Other suprasegmental phenomena Phonation [B‑19‑4]
[B‑20] Types of phonation Aspirated voice [B‑20‑7]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset No null onset [C‑1‑1] PDF
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4] PDF

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]
[E‑2] Fusional type features Phonetically unconditioned fusion [E‑2‑4]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes Three [F‑1‑3]
[F‑3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes Pronouns, adjectives, and verbs [F‑3‑9]
[F‑6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender For "one" [F‑6‑3]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular [G‑5‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Eight-twelve [H‑1‑3]
[H‑3] Case of nominal predicate Genitive [H‑3‑2]
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1]

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Gender and number [I‑8‑20]
[I‑9] Marking of person in present tense verbs Absent [I‑9‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Postpositions [J‑3‑2]
[J‑4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action Pronouns and adverbs [J‑4‑6]
[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Absent [J‑5‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative affixes [J‑8‑1]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition and postposition [J‑9‑9]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Gender and number [K‑12‑7]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Gender and number [K‑13‑5]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In gender [K‑15‑4]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑19] Word form model Prefixal-suffixal [K‑19‑1]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Conversion and compounding [L‑1‑10]

Simple sentence

No filled features for this language.

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language