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Dan language

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PDFVolume 21. Mande languages
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Genealogy

Mande → Southeastern → South Mande

Geography

Main country: Côte d'Ivoire (show on the map)

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Five [A‑1‑4]
[A‑3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees Mid [A‑3‑2]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3]
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2]
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Present [A‑7‑1]
[A‑8] Vowel opposition in labialization Present for back vowels [A‑8‑3]
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, palatal and velar/uvular [A‑17‑3]
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1]
[A‑19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation Dental [A‑19‑1]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar [A‑20‑1]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents By labialization [A‑22‑2]
[A‑23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]
[A‑24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation Labial, coronal, dorsal and guttural [A‑24‑17]
[A‑25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants Absent [A‑25‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑14] Contour tonema types Rising [B‑14‑1]
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Falling [B‑14‑4]
[B‑15] Length character Non-phonological [B‑15‑2]
[B‑16] Target of vowel harmony Foot [B‑16‑8]
[B‑17] Feature of vowel harmony Nasalization [B‑17‑13]
[B‑19] Other suprasegmental phenomena Nasalization [B‑19‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a null coda [C‑2‑3]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position Limited set of vowels [D‑2‑3]
[D‑2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position Limited set of consonants possible [D‑2‑4]
[D‑2] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position No consonant clusters [D‑2‑7]
[D‑4] Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position Only vowels possible [D‑4‑1]
[D‑7] Types of differences between content and function words Differences in syllable structure [D‑7‑3]
[D‑11] Types of differences between roots and affixes Differences in tones [D‑11‑4]
[D‑12] Functional type of alternations Accompanying [D‑12‑2]
[D‑13] Type of altenations Tone alternations [D‑13‑4]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑5] Attributive agreement in gender Absent [F‑5‑1]
[F‑9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy Syntactic [F‑9‑3]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative [G‑4‑2]
[G‑5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases Singular and plural [G‑5‑3]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Three-seven [H‑1‑2]
[H‑5] Other means of expressing possessive relations Apposition and postpositions [H‑5‑20]
[H‑6] Means of expressing spatial relations Noun affixes and postpositions [H‑6‑11]
[H‑9] Secondary cases Absent [H‑9‑2]

Verbal categories

[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Middle and passive [I‑4‑3]
[I‑5] Tense forms General [I‑5‑6]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Tense, aspect, modality, and polarity [I‑8‑16]
[I‑10] Transitivity marker Absent [I‑10‑1]

Deictic categories

[J‑3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action Postpositions [J‑3‑2]
[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Absent [J‑5‑1]
[J‑6] Words expressing (in)definiteness Articles [J‑6‑1]
[J‑8] Expression of negation Negative particles [J‑8‑3]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑1] Personal pronouns inflection Pronominal inflection type [K‑1‑3]
[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Single type of conjugation [K‑7‑1]
[K‑8] Verb agreement types Subject [K‑8‑2]
[K‑9] Agreement categories expressed in participle Absent [K‑9‑1]
[K‑12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective Number [K‑12‑6]
[K‑13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective Absent [K‑13‑1]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Optional [K‑14‑4]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun Absent [K‑17‑1]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation, compounding, conversion and reduplication [L‑1‑21]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Prefixes and suffixes [L‑2‑3]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Accusative [M‑1‑3]
[M‑2] Word order fixedness Fixed [M‑2‑1]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier follows noun [M‑4‑2]
[M‑5] Pro-drop Possible [M‑5‑1]

Complex sentence

[N‑1] Clauses order in compound sentence Not fixed [N‑1‑3]
[N‑3] Dependent clause predicate Finite forms [N‑3‑1]
[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination, compounding and clause chaining [N‑4‑5]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

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