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Bats language

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Batsi, Batsbi, Batsb, Batsaw, Tsova-Tush

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Nakh

Geography

Main country: Georgia (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Present [A‑5‑1] PDF
[A‑6] Number of length degrees Two [A‑6‑1] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Present [A‑9‑1] PDF
[A‑10] Vowel opposition in nasalization Present for front, central and back vowels [A‑10‑7] PDF
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs Only diphthongs present [A‑13‑2] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4]
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress [B‑1‑1] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Phonological [B‑3‑1]
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Fixed [B‑5‑2] PDF
[B‑6] Fixed stress types Strictly fixed [B‑6‑1]
[B‑7] Stress pattern in inflection Fixed [B‑7‑2] PDF
[B‑8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word) First syllable [B‑8‑1] PDF
[B‑16] Target of vowel harmony No vowel harmony [B‑16‑9]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4] PDF
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4] PDF
[C‑3] Consonant clusters in syllable Consonant clusters are possible at both the onset and the coda of syllable [C‑3‑4] PDF

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position Absent [D‑1‑1] PDF
[D‑3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position Absent [D‑3‑1] PDF
[D‑6] Differences between content and function words Absent [D‑6‑1] PDF
[D‑8] Differences between native and borrowed words Absent [D‑8‑1] PDF
[D‑10] Differences between roots and affixes Present [D‑10‑2] PDF
[D‑11] Types of differences between roots and affixes Differences in syllable structure [D‑11‑3] PDF

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Fusional-agglutinative [E‑1‑5]

Nominal classifications

[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Class [F‑7‑5]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1] PDF
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2] PDF
[G‑3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs Absent [G‑3‑1] PDF
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4] PDF
[G‑6] Numeral system Vigesimal [G‑6‑6] PDF

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Eight-twelve [H‑1‑3]
[H‑4] Case marking of possessive relations Genitive [H‑4‑1] PDF
[H‑8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns Same [H‑8‑1] PDF
[H‑9] Secondary cases Present [H‑9‑1] PDF

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Affixes [I‑1‑4]
[I‑2] Voice stacking in the same verb form Absent [I‑2‑2]
[I‑4] Voice forms coincidence Absent [I‑4‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]

Deictic categories

[J‑8] Expression of negation Prohibitive and negative particles [J‑8‑8]
[J‑9] Negation marker position Preposition [J‑9‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1] PDF
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In class [K‑15‑5]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Ergative with elements of accusative [M‑1‑9]
[M‑2] Word order fixedness Non-fixed [M‑2‑2]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]

Complex sentence

[N‑4] Compound sentence types Subordination and compounding [N‑4‑4]
[N‑5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton Both syndesis and asyndeton possible [N‑5‑3]

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language