Bagvalal language

Alternative names (including historical names and autoglottonyms): Bagulal

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Volume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Avar-Andic → Andic

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Glottolog: bagv1239
Grambank: bagv1239
ISO-639-3: kva
WALS: bgv

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Present [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6]	Number of length degrees	Two [A‑6‑1]
[A‑7]	Presence of vowel opposition in labialization	Absent [A‑7‑2]
[A‑9]	Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization	Present [A‑9‑1]
[A‑13]	Diphthongs and triphthongs	No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16]	Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation	Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3]
[A‑17]	Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation	Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Only bilabial [A‑18‑1]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑21]	Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation	Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3]
[A‑22]	Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents	By labialization [A‑22‑2]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1]	Basic prosodic unit	Stress and tones [B‑1‑4]
[B‑2]	Prosodic unit carrier	Syllable [B‑2‑1]
[B‑4]	Stress type (quality characteristics)	Dynamic [B‑4‑1]
[B‑10]	Tonema types	Register and contour [B‑10‑3]
[B‑11]	Number of level tones	Two [B‑11‑1]
[B‑12]	Level tone types	High [B‑12‑2]
[B‑12]	Level tone types	Low [B‑12‑4]
[B‑13]	Number of contour tone levels	Two [B‑13‑2]
[B‑14]	Contour tonema types	Rising [B‑14‑1]
[B‑14]	Contour tonema types	Falling [B‑14‑4]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	No null onset [C‑1‑1]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]
[C‑3]	Consonant clusters in syllable	Consonant clusters are only possible at the coda of syllable [C‑3‑3]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑1]	Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position	Present [D‑1‑2]
[D‑2]	Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position	Only consonants possible [D‑2‑2]
[D‑2]	Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position	No consonant clusters [D‑2‑7]
[D‑3]	Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position	Present [D‑3‑2]
[D‑4]	Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position	Limitations on consonant sequences (combinations) [D‑4‑5]
[D‑6]	Differences between content and function words	Absent [D‑6‑1]
[D‑8]	Differences between native and borrowed words	Present [D‑8‑2]
[D‑9]	Types of differences between native and borrowed words	Differences in phonetic structure [D‑9‑1]
[D‑10]	Differences between roots and affixes	Present [D‑10‑2]
[D‑11]	Types of differences between roots and affixes	Differences in number of syllables [D‑11‑5]

Morphological type of language

No filled features for this language.

Nominal classifications

[F‑5]

Attributive agreement in gender

In singular and in plural [F‑5‑3]

Number

[G‑1]	Number in nouns	Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2]	Single number marking	Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑3]	Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs	Absent [G‑3‑1]
[G‑4]	Agreement in number	Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]
[G‑5]	Form of a noun in numeral phrases	Singular [G‑5‑1]
[G‑6]	Numeral system	Decimal [G‑6‑1]

Case meanings

[H‑4]	Case marking of possessive relations	Genitive [H‑4‑1]
[H‑8]	Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns	Different [H‑8‑2]
[H‑9]	Secondary cases	Present [H‑9‑1]

Verbal categories

[I‑5]	Tense forms	Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5]	Tense forms	Future [I‑5‑3]

Deictic categories

No filled features for this language.

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2]	Articles	No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑15]	Attributive agreement types	In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15]	Attributive agreement types	In case [K‑15‑3]
[K‑15]	Attributive agreement types	In gender [K‑15‑4]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

No filled features for this language.

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-1] Number of degrees of vowel height
[A-2] Vowel height degrees
[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-4] Degrees of vowel backness
[A-10] Vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation
[A-23] Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation
[A-24] Inventory of sonorants by place of articulation
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice
[B-5] Stress fixedness
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-9] Limited stress carriers
[B-15] Length character
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-19] Other suprasegmental phenomena
[B-20] Types of phonation
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word
[E-2] Fusional type features
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[E-4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion
[F-1] Number of agreement classes
[F-2] Morphological expression of agreement classes
[F-3] Syntactic expression of agreement classes
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-7] Nouns classifying categories
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[H-1] Number of noun cases
[H-2] Subject and object marking
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-5] Other means of expressing possessive relations
[H-6] Means of expressing spatial relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[I-1] Voice forms expression
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-6] Aspect and tense expression
[I-7] Expression of tense categories
[I-8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings
[I-9] Marking of person in present tense verbs
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-1] Pronominal words
[J-2] Expression of deictic categories
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-4] Content words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness
[J-6] Words expressing (in)definiteness
[J-8] Expression of negation
[J-9] Negation marker position
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-6] Grammar categories of article
[K-7] Number of conjugation types
[K-8] Verb agreement types
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-16] Inflectional categories of noun
[K-17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun
[K-18] Inflection means
[K-19] Word form model
[L-1] Word formation means
[L-2] Derivation affixes
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-3] Dominant word order
[M-4] Order of nouns and its modifier
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-1] Clauses order in compound sentence
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate
[N-4] Compound sentence types
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton

Feature is not applicable to this language

[A-8] Vowel opposition in labialization
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase