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Avar language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Avar-Andic

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front, central and back [A‑4‑3] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1]
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Both pharyngeal and glottal [A‑21‑3]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress [B‑1‑1] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1] PDF
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Non-phonological [B‑3‑2] PDF
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Fixed [B‑5‑2] PDF
[B‑6] Fixed stress types Limited [B‑6‑2] PDF
[B‑7] Stress pattern in inflection Flexible and fixed [B‑7‑3] PDF
[B‑9] Limited stress carriers First syllable [B‑9‑1]
[B‑9] Limited stress carriers Second syllable [B‑9‑2]
[B‑9] Limited stress carriers Third syllable [B‑9‑3]
[B‑16] Target of vowel harmony No vowel harmony [B‑16‑9]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4] PDF
[C‑2] Syllable coda Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4] PDF
[C‑3] Consonant clusters in syllable Consonant clusters are only possible at the coda of syllable [C‑3‑3] PDF

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative with some fusional features [E‑1‑2]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Class [F‑7‑5]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]
[G‑4] Agreement in number Predicative and attributive [G‑4‑4]
[G‑6] Numeral system Vigesimal with elements of decimal [G‑6‑4]

Case meanings

[H‑1] Number of noun cases Over twenty [H‑1‑5]

Verbal categories

[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑9] Marking of person in present tense verbs Absent [I‑9‑1]
[I‑10] Transitivity marker Absent [I‑10‑1]

Deictic categories

No filled features for this language.

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]
[K‑7] Number of conjugation types Two types of conjugation [K‑7‑2]
[K‑14] Attribute agreement of adjectives Always present [K‑14‑1]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In number [K‑15‑2]
[K‑15] Attributive agreement types In class [K‑15‑5]
[K‑16] Inflectional categories of noun Number and case [K‑16‑7]
[K‑19] Word form model Mainly or only suffixal [K‑19‑4]

Word formation

[L‑1] Word formation means Derivation and compounding [L‑1‑12]
[L‑2] Derivation affixes Suffixes [L‑2‑2]

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Ergative [M‑1‑5]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language