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Andi language

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PDFVolume 9. Caucasian languages
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Genealogy

Caucasian → Northeast Caucasian → Avar-Andic → Andic

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Area maps from the encyclopedia (in Russian)

Map designer: Yuri Koryakov

Identifiers

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑1] Number of degrees of vowel height Three [A‑1‑2] PDF
[A‑2] Vowel height degrees Close, mid and open [A‑2‑3]
[A‑4] Degrees of vowel backness Front and back [A‑4‑2] PDF
[A‑5] Presence of length degrees Absent [A‑5‑2] PDF
[A‑7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization Absent [A‑7‑2] PDF
[A‑9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization Absent [A‑9‑2] PDF
[A‑11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization No vowel opposition in pharyngealization [A‑11‑1]
[A‑12] Vowel opposition in ATR No vowel opposition in ATR [A‑12‑1]
[A‑13] Diphthongs and triphthongs No diphthongs and triphthongs [A‑13‑1] PDF
[A‑15] Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features Ejectives present [A‑15‑3]
[A‑16] Inventory of obstruents by manner of articulation Plosives, affricates and fricatives [A‑16‑3] PDF
[A‑17] Inventory of obstruents by place of articulation Labial, coronal, velar/uvular and laryngeal [A‑17‑4] PDF
[A‑18] Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation Only bilabial [A‑18‑1] PDF
[A‑20] Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation Velar and uvular [A‑20‑3]
[A‑21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation Only glottal [A‑21‑2]
[A‑22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents Absent [A‑22‑1]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑1] Basic prosodic unit Stress and tones [B‑1‑4] PDF
[B‑2] Prosodic unit carrier Syllable [B‑2‑1] PDF
[B‑3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice Phonological [B‑3‑1] PDF
[B‑4] Stress type (quality characteristics) Dynamic [B‑4‑1] PDF
[B‑5] Stress fixedness Flexible [B‑5‑1] PDF
[B‑10] Tonema types Register and contour [B‑10‑3] PDF
[B‑11] Number of level tones Two [B‑11‑1] PDF
[B‑12] Level tone types High [B‑12‑2]
[B‑12] Level tone types Low [B‑12‑4]
[B‑13] Number of contour tone levels Two [B‑13‑2] PDF
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Rising [B‑14‑1]
[B‑14] Contour tonema types Falling [B‑14‑4]
[B‑16] Target of vowel harmony No vowel harmony [B‑16‑9]

Syllable

[C‑1] Syllable onset No null onset [C‑1‑1] PDF
[C‑2] Syllable coda Most syllables have a null coda [C‑2‑3] PDF
[C‑3] Consonant clusters in syllable Consonant clusters are absent [C‑3‑1] PDF

Phonologic structure and phenomena

No filled features for this language.

Morphological type of language

[E‑1] Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word Agglutinative [E‑1‑1]
[E‑4] Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1] Number of agreement classes No agreement classes [F‑1‑1]
[F‑7] Nouns classifying categories Class [F‑7‑5]

Number

[G‑1] Number in nouns Singular and plural [G‑1‑1]
[G‑2] Single number marking Unmarked [G‑2‑2]

Case meanings

[H‑4] Case marking of possessive relations Genitive [H‑4‑1]

Verbal categories

[I‑1] Voice forms expression Category of voice is absent [I‑1‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Past [I‑5‑1]
[I‑5] Tense forms Present [I‑5‑2]
[I‑5] Tense forms Future [I‑5‑3]
[I‑6] Aspect and tense expression Syncretic [I‑6‑2]
[I‑7] Expression of tense categories Auxiliary verbs and affixes [I‑7‑3]
[I‑8] Syncretic expression of several verb meanings Aspect and tense [I‑8‑2]

Deictic categories

[J‑5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness Absent [J‑5‑1]

Parts of speech and inflection

[K‑2] Articles No articles [K‑2‑1]

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑1] Morphosyntactic alignment Ergative [M‑1‑5]
[M‑2] Word order fixedness Non-fixed [M‑2‑2]
[M‑3] Dominant word order SOV [M‑3‑2]
[M‑4] Order of nouns and its modifier Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

Feature is not applicable to this language