Alanic language †

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Volume 7. Iranian languages. III. Eastern Iranian languages
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Genealogy

Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Northeastern Iranian

Geography

Main country: Russian Federation (show on the map)

Identifiers

ISO-639-3: xln

Features

Phonemic structure

[A‑5]	Presence of length degrees	Present [A‑5‑1]
[A‑6]	Number of length degrees	Two [A‑6‑1]
[A‑15]	Inventory of obstruents by laryngeal features	Opposition by presence and absence of voice [A‑15‑1]
[A‑18]	Inventory of labial obstruents by place of articulation	Bilabial and labiodental [A‑18‑2]
[A‑20]	Inventory of guttural obstruents by place of articulation	Velar [A‑20‑1]
[A‑23]	Inventory of sonorants by manner of articulation	Nasal, liquid, vibrant and glide [A‑23‑6]

Prosodic phenomena

[B‑15]

Length character

Phonological [B‑15‑1]

Syllable

[C‑1]	Syllable onset	Both null and non-null onset possible [C‑1‑4]
[C‑2]	Syllable coda	Both null and non-null coda possible [C‑2‑4]

Phonologic structure and phenomena

[D‑2]	Types of restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position	Only vowels possible [D‑2‑1]
[D‑9]	Types of differences between native and borrowed words	Differences in phonetic structure [D‑9‑1]

Morphological type of language

[E‑1]	Type of language by type of morpheme combination in a word	Fusional-agglutinative [E‑1‑5]
[E‑4]	Type of language by degree of morpheme cohesion	Synthetic with elements of analytism [E‑4‑6]

Nominal classifications

[F‑1]	Number of agreement classes	Two [F‑1‑2]
[F‑5]	Attributive agreement in gender	Only in singular [F‑5‑2]

Number

No filled features for this language.

Case meanings

[H‑2]	Subject and object marking	Verbal agreement and case affixes [H‑2‑5]
[H‑6]	Means of expressing spatial relations	Spatial adverbs [H‑6‑4]

Verbal categories

[I‑8]

Syncretic expression of several verb meanings

Tense, person and number [I‑8‑8]

Deictic categories

[J‑1]	Pronominal words	Pronominal adverbs, adjectives and nouns [J‑1‑10]
[J‑4]	Content words expressing spatial orientation of action	Adverbs [J‑4‑3]
[J‑8]	Expression of negation	Negative particles [J‑8‑3]

Parts of speech and inflection

No filled features for this language.

Word formation

No filled features for this language.

Simple sentence

[M‑3]	Dominant word order	SVO [M‑3‑1]
[M‑4]	Order of nouns and its modifier	Modifier precedes noun [M‑4‑1]

Complex sentence

No filled features for this language.

Unfilled features

The encyclopedia contains no information

[A-2] Vowel height degrees
[A-3] Opposition in openness/closedness for vowel height degrees
[A-4] Degrees of vowel backness
[A-7] Presence of vowel opposition in labialization
[A-8] Vowel opposition in labialization
[A-9] Presence of vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-10] Vowel opposition in nasalization
[A-11] Vowel opposition in pharyngealization
[A-12] Vowel opposition in ATR
[A-13] Diphthongs and triphthongs
[A-14] Types of diphthongs
[A-19] Inventory of coronal obstruents by place of articulation
[A-21] Inventory of postuvular obstruents by place of articulation
[A-22] Additional articulatory oppositions of obstruents
[A-25] Additional articulatory oppositions of sonorants
[A-26] Inventory of fricatives by place of articulation
[B-1] Basic prosodic unit
[B-2] Prosodic unit carrier
[B-3] Character of prosodic unit by its choice
[B-4] Stress type (quality characteristics)
[B-5] Stress fixedness
[B-6] Fixed stress types
[B-7] Stress pattern in inflection
[B-8] Strictly fixed stress type (by position in a word)
[B-9] Limited stress carriers
[B-10] Tonema types
[B-11] Number of level tones
[B-12] Level tone types
[B-13] Number of contour tone levels
[B-14] Contour tonema types
[B-16] Target of vowel harmony
[B-17] Feature of vowel harmony
[B-18] Trigger of vowel harmony
[B-19] Other suprasegmental phenomena
[B-20] Types of phonation
[C-3] Consonant clusters in syllable
[D-1] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the initial position
[D-3] Restrictions on the phonemic structure in the final position
[D-5] Variants of characteristics of the syllabic structure of words
[D-6] Differences between content and function words
[D-7] Types of differences between content and function words
[D-8] Differences between native and borrowed words
[D-10] Differences between roots and affixes
[D-11] Types of differences between roots and affixes
[D-12] Functional type of alternations
[D-13] Type of altenations
[E-2] Fusional type features
[E-3] Agglutinative type features
[F-4] Other means of expressing agreement classes
[F-6] Agreement of cardinal numerals in gender
[F-7] Nouns classifying categories
[F-8] Opposition by person/non-person
[F-9] Expression of animacy/inanimacy
[G-1] Number in nouns
[G-2] Single number marking
[G-3] Honorific forms in pronouns and verbs
[G-4] Agreement in number
[G-5] Form of a noun in numeral phrases
[G-6] Numeral system
[H-1] Number of noun cases
[H-3] Case of nominal predicate
[H-4] Case marking of possessive relations
[H-5] Other means of expressing possessive relations
[H-7] Dependent nouns in possessive constructions
[H-8] Case marking of animate and inanimate nouns
[H-9] Secondary cases
[I-1] Voice forms expression
[I-2] Voice stacking in the same verb form
[I-3] Double voice forms
[I-4] Voice forms coincidence
[I-5] Tense forms
[I-6] Aspect and tense expression
[I-7] Expression of tense categories
[I-9] Marking of person in present tense verbs
[I-10] Transitivity marker
[J-2] Expression of deictic categories
[J-3] Function words expressing spatial orientation of action
[J-5] Morphological expression of (in)definiteness
[J-6] Words expressing (in)definiteness
[J-7] Grammatical ways to express politeness
[J-9] Negation marker position
[K-1] Personal pronouns inflection
[K-2] Articles
[K-3] Indefinite article and numeral 'one'
[K-4] Article place
[K-5] Position of article in noun phrase
[K-6] Grammar categories of article
[K-7] Number of conjugation types
[K-8] Verb agreement types
[K-9] Agreement categories expressed in participle
[K-10] Tense expressed by participle
[K-11] Adverb grammar categories
[K-12] Agreement categories expressed in adjective
[K-13] Cumulative expression of several categories in adjective
[K-14] Attribute agreement of adjectives
[K-15] Attributive agreement types
[K-16] Inflectional categories of noun
[K-17] Cumulative expression of several categories in noun
[K-18] Inflection means
[K-19] Word form model
[L-1] Word formation means
[L-2] Derivation affixes
[L-3] Stems relations in stem compounding
[M-1] Morphosyntactic alignment
[M-2] Word order fixedness
[M-5] Pro-drop
[N-1] Clauses order in compound sentence
[N-2] Dependent clause distinctions in complex sentences
[N-3] Dependent clause predicate
[N-4] Compound sentence types
[N-5] Compound sentence syndesis and asyndeton